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信源：https://journals.iucr.org/c/services/authorchecklist.html | The following is a summary of the conventions used by the journal for the recording and presentation of data and text. It concentrates on those data items which may prove most useful to authors. | 以下是期刊用于记录和呈现数据和文本的惯例摘要。它集中于那些可能对作者最有用的数据项。 |
| Absolute structure | 绝对结构 | | see Anomalous scattering effects | 参阅反常散射效应 |
| Absorption corrections | 吸收校正 | | checkCIF may indicate rescaling of transmission factors. | checkCIF可能指示投射因子的重新缩放。 | | If absorption corrections are not made, then _exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min and _exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max should be set as ‘?” and not numerical values. The experimentally determined T_min and T_max values should be reported and not those estimated theoretically from the crystal size. | 如果未应用吸收校正，则_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min和_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max应设为“?”。应报道实验确定的T_min和T_max值，而不是报道根据晶体尺寸从理论上估计的值。 |
| Abstract | 摘要 | | If the compound name is not included in the title, it should be given. | 如果标题中未包含化合物名称，则应给出该名称。 |
| The same applies to the chemical formula, either as a sum formula or (if appropriate) divided up into ions/molecules, including separate solvent molecules; in metal complexes, it may be divided up into separate ligands. | 这同样适用于化学式，可以是一个和式，也可以（如果合适）划分为离子/分子，包括单独的溶剂分子；在金属配合物中，它可以分为不同的配体。 |
| The most important aspects and results of the study should be summarized. An Abstract that says only that a compound has been prepared and its crystal structure determined is of little value. Avoid saying that a certain aspect will be discussed – summarize the finding instead. | 应总结研究的最重要方面和结果。一篇摘要，只说已经制备了一种化合物并确定了它的晶体结构，这篇文章的价值很小。避免说将讨论某个方面——而是总结一下发现。 |
| Any crystallographic symmetry of molecules or ions should be stated. | 应说明分子或离子的任何晶体对称性。 |
| There should be no crystal data (cell parameters, space group, etc.) in the Abstract unless there is good reason. | 摘要中不应有晶体数据（晶胞参数、空间群等），除非有充分的理由。 |
| Avoid specific atom numbers in the Abstract, which should be capable of being understood without reference to the rest of the paper. | 在摘要中避免使用特定的原子数，摘要应该能够在不参考论文其余部分的情况下被理解。 |
| References should be avoided in the Abstract. An exception would be when the paper reports a redetermination of a structure (see References for example citation). | 摘要中应避免参考文献。一个例外是当论文报告结构的重新确定时（参阅参考文献中的引用示例）。 |
| Only one paragraph is allowed in the Abstract. See also Keywords. | 摘要中只允许有一段。另请参阅关键词。 |
| Acknowledgements | 致谢 | | Acknowledgement should be given for any assistance provided to the study. If diffraction data collection was not carried out by one of the authors, or in the laboratory of one of the authors, details of who collected the data and where the data collection was carried out should be provided. | 对于为研究提供的任何帮助，应予以确认。如果衍射数据收集不是由其中一位作者进行的，或者不是在其中一位作者的实验室中进行的，则应提供谁收集了数据以及在哪里进行数据收集的详细信息。 |
| If there are no acknowledgements, you will be asked whether this is intentional, in case they have been omitted accidentally. | 如果没有确认，您将被问及这是否是故意的，以防意外遗漏。 |
| Anomalous scattering effects | 反常散射效应 | | Absolute structure is relevant in any non-centrosymmetric space group. Authors should be aware of the difference between absolute structure and absolute configuration. To improve the precision of the absolute structure parameter, the use of a large fraction of the complete set of Friedel pairs in the data set is strongly recommended. | 绝对结构在任何非中心对称空间群中都是相关的。作者应该意识到绝对结构和绝对构型之间的区别。为了提高绝对结构参数的精度，强烈建议在数据集中使用大量的Friedel衍射对全集。 |
| If the space group is non-centrosymmetric and there are significant anomalous scattering effects (usually elements > Si with Mo radiation, several O atoms or heavier with Cu radiation and good data), the absolute structure parameter (Flack parameter or equivalent) should be refined and reported, together with its s.u.; the number of Friedel pairs in the data set should also be stated (even if there are none, this refinement should still work, though it will be less good). | 如果空间群是非中心对称空间群，并且存在显著的反常散射效应（通常对于钼靶辐射来说，含有比Si更大的元素，对于铜靶辐射来说，几个氧原子会更重的原子以及好的数据），则应精修并报告绝对结构参数（Flack参数或等效参数）及其标准不确定度；还应该说明数据集中Friedel衍射对的数量（即使没有，这种精修也应该有效，尽管效果会差一点）。 |
Unless the Flack parameter is close to zero with a small s.u., there will probably need to be some discussion of its meaning, possibly with reference to the standard Flack & Bernardinelli papers. There should be a statement of what has been determined (absolute configuration, crystal polarity, partial inversion twinning, etc.). | |
| These points need to be addressed, even if the “absolute structure” is not important, because having the structure inverted by mistake can introduce other errors or bias. | 即使“绝对结构”并不重要，也需要解决这些问题，因为错误地翻转结构可能会引入其他错误或偏差。 |
| For non-centrosymmetric structures with no significant anomalous scattering effects and the precision of the absolute structure parameter renders the **ysis inconclusive, if authors merge Friedel-pair reflections before final refinement, they should mention that fact in the Refinement section and not report a value for the Flack parameter in the CIF. If the molecule is chiral, the merging of Friedel pairs is not recommended; it has been argued that there may be information in the data that could be extracted on the basis of future developments in the subject. | 对于没有显著反常散射效应的非中心对称结构，并且绝对结构参数的精度使分析不确定，如果作者在最终精修之前合并了Friedel衍射对衍射点，他们应该在精修部分提到这一事实，而不是在CIF中报告Flack参数的值。如果分子是手性的，则不建议合并Friedel衍射对；有人认为，数据中可能存在可以根据该主题的未来发展提取的信息。 |
| If the absolute configuration of a chiral compound has been assumed from the synthesis, or assigned arbitrarily, this should be stated. | 如果手性化合物的绝对构型是从合成中假设的，或者是任意指认的，则应说明这一点。 |
| For all structures of chiral molecules, there should be a CIF entry for _chemical_absolute_configuration, stating the method or assumption regarding the determination of the absolute configuration. This term is irrelevant for structures of racemates (not just centrosymmetric structures, but any containing mirror or glide planes, or improper rotation axes of any kind). | 对于手性分子的所有结构，应为_chemical_absolute_configuration提供CIF条目，说明关于确定绝对构型的方法或假设。这个术语与外消旋体的结构无关（不仅是中心对称结构，还有任何包含镜像或滑移面的结构，或任何类型的不当旋转轴）。 |
| The chemical scheme and the molecular structure as shown (usually in Fig. 1) should be of the same absolute configuration. The name of the compound should also be correct in terms of R and S designations. For a racemic structure in which both enantiomers are present, the correct notation uses RS and SR designations, and for a single enantiomer for which the absolution configuration is not known, R* and S* are used. | 如图所示的化学方案和分子结构（通常在图1中）应该具有相同的绝对构型。化合物的名称在R和S名称方面也应正确。对于两种对映体都存在的外消旋结构，正确的记法使用RS和SR名称，对于不知道绝对构型的单一对映体，使用R*和S*。 |
| Note that in _refine_ls_abs_structure_details it is sufficient to cite the method, for example, ‘Flack & Bernardinelli (1999, 2000)’. The full reference is recorded in _publ_section_references and not here. | 请注意，在_refine_ls_abs_structure_details中，引用该方法就足够了，例如“Flack & Bernardinelli (1999, 2000)”。完整的参考文献记录在_publ_section_references中，而不是此处。 |
| If, in the case of a non-centrosymmetric space group, the compound contains no element heavier than Si and Friedel pairs have been merged then, in Refinement section, there should be the statement “In the absence of significant anomalous scattering effects Friedel pairs have been merged.” or similar. | 如果在非中心对称空间群的情况下，化合物不包含比Si重的元素，并且Friedel衍射对已经合并，那么在精修部分，应该有“在没有显著反常散射效应的情况下Friedel衍射对已合并”或类似的语句。 |
| Atom and geometry tables | 原子与几何参数表格 | | Atom names (including H atoms) should be sensible and simple. Chemical and crystallographic numbering should be in agreement wherever possible. | 原子名称（包括H原子）应该是合理和简单的。化学编号和晶体学编号应尽可能一致。 |
| The usual convention is for no parentheses in atom names. Atom labelling needs to be consistent in all tables, text sections, and figures. | 通常的管理是在原子名称中不使用括号。原子标签需要在所有表格、文本部分和图中保持一致。 |
| Extensive numerical details in the text instead of a Table are undesirable, and repeating significant amounts of the contents of a Table in the text should also be avoided. | 不希望在文本中使用大量的数字细节而不是表格，也应避免在文本中重复大量的表格内容。 |
| Lists of geometry should be in a sensible order. | 几何参数列表应按合理的顺序排列。 |
| All geometry involving H atoms should preferably be included in the CIF (but not flagged for publication); this is required if H atoms have been refined rather than constrained, and in such cases, the range of bond lengths to H atoms should be stated in the Refinement section. | 所有涉及氢原子的几何参数应优选地包括在CIF中（但不标记以供发表）；如果氢原子已经被精修而非约束，这是必需的，并且在这种情况下，到氢原子的键长范围应该在精修部分中说明。 |
| Check the consistency in the number of atoms and the chemical formula (checkCIF). | 检查原子数和化学式的一致性（checkCIF）。 |
| Even though space restrictions are not important for electronic publishing, and full geometry is available to readers, sensible selection for the html/pdf versions should still be made. Avoid symmetry-equivalent items in the selected list. | 尽管空间限制对电子出版并不重要，而且读者可以获得完整的几何参数，但仍应合理选择html/pdf版本。避免在节选列表中出现对称等效项。 |
| There should be no s.u.'s on H-bond geometry involving constrained H atoms (D---H, H...A and D---H...A). | 在涉及受约束的H原子（D---H，H…A和D---H…A）的氢键几何参数上不应该有标准不确定度。 |
| Coordinates of constrained H atoms should not have more decimal places than they would if the H atoms were refined; similarly for geometry parameters (usually 3 decimal places for distances and whole degrees for angles). | 受约束的氢原子的坐标不应该比氢原子被精修时有更多的小数位数；几何参数也是如此（距离通常为小数点后3位，角度通常为整度）。 |
| Numerical results, including torsion and dihedral angles, quoted in text sections should usually have s.u.'s. | 文本部分引用的数值结果，包括扭转角和二面角，通常应具有标准不确定度。 |
| Values calculated by including atoms from other asymmetric units must have the symmetry code included with the atom label and the associated symmetry operator defined (or a pointer given to a table or caption where it is defined). Symmetry codes should be consistent within the text, tables and figures for any given structure (i.e. the code numbers for a specific symmetry operator in the text and the corresponding table or figure must be the same). | 通过包括来自其他不对称单元的原子计算的值必须具有包含在原子标签中的对称代码和定义的相关对称运算符（或指向定义它的表或标题的指针）。对于任何给定的结构，对称代码在文本、表格和图形中都应该一致（即文本**定对称运算符的代码编号和相应的表格或图形必须相同）。 |
| Authors and addresses | 作者和地址 | | One full forename for each author is preferred. | 每个作者最好有一个全名。 |
| If there are more than five authors, there will be a checkCIF A-level alert; you will need to specify the role of each author by including a Validation Response Form in the CIF. | 如果有五个以上的作者，则会出现checkCIF A级警报；您需要通过在CIF中包含验证响应表来指定每个作者的角色。 |
| Addresses a, b, c etc. should all be different. Sometimes a small typing error in one author’s address makes it appear different from the others when they should actually be the same. | 地址a、b、c等都应该不同。有时，一位作者地址中的一个小的键入错误会使其看起来与其他作者不同，而实际上它们应该是相同的。 |
| Chemical scheme | 化学方案 | | see Graphics | 参阅图形 |
| Compound identification | 化合物鉴定 | | In the Abstract and Results and discussion sections, the compound should be fully identified, including solvent and counter-ions. | 在摘要、结果和讨论部分，应充分鉴定化合物，包括溶剂和反离子。 |
| Compound synthesis | 化合物合成 | | Unless a published method is used (and included as a reference), synthetic details should normally include quantities of reagents and solvents, reaction times, recrystallization procedure, melting points, optical rotation etc. Other characterization data (chemical **ysis, spectroscopy etc.) may be included,and lists of spectroscopic data should include assignments. The information for publication should be recorded in Synthesis and crystallization section of the paper (authors are not restricted by this title and have free reign to provide their own appropriate section titles). More extensive information can be included in the various _special_details sections of the CIF or as Supporting information. | 除非使用已发表的方法（并以参考文献包含），否则合成细节通常应包括试剂和溶剂的量、反应时间、重结晶程序、熔点、旋光度等。可能包括其他表征数据（化学分析、光谱等），光谱数据列表应包括归属。发表信息应记录在论文的合成和结晶部分（作者不受本标题的限制，可以自由提供自己适当的章节标题）。更广泛的信息可以包括在CIF的各个_special_details部分中，也可以作为支持信息。 |
| Crystal colour | 晶体颜色 | | The colour declared in _exptl_crystal_colour should agree with any description in the Synthesis and crystallization section of the paper. | _exptl_crystal_colour中声明的颜色应与论文合成和结晶部分的任何描述一致。 |
| Crystal density | 晶体密度 | | If there is no measured density, _exptl_crystal_density_method should be ‘not measured’ and _exptl_crystal_density_meas should be ‘?’. | 如果没有测量密度，则_exptl_crystal_density_method应为“'not measured'”，_exptl_crystal_density_meas应为“'?'”。 |
| Crystal habit | 晶癖 | | Very often the crystal is declared to be a needle or plate, but the dimensions do not support this. The habit declared in _exptl_crystal_description should agree with any description in the Synthesis and crystallization section of the paper. As a reasonable guideline, a needle should have one dimension at least double the other two, and a plate should have a thickness no more than half the other dimensions. | 晶体通常被宣称为针状或片状，但尺寸并不支持这一点。_exptl_crystal_description中声明的晶癖应与论文合成和结晶部分的任何描述一致。作为一个合理的指导原则，针状的一个尺寸应至少是其他两个尺寸的两倍，片状的厚度应不超过其他尺寸的一半。 |
| Decimal places | 小数位数 | | Adjustment of the number of decimal places is carried out in the production of the final publication so it is not necessary to make these changes in the CIF. | 小数位数的调整是在最终出版物的制作过程中进行的，因此没有必要在CIF中进行这些更改。 |
| Formula mass（式量） | | | | | _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn | | | _diffrn_radiation_wavelength | Theta ranges (cell and data collection) θ范围（晶胞和数据收集） | | _cell_measurement_theta_min _cell_measurement_theta_max _diffrn_reflns_theta_max | | | _exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu | Transmission coefficients（透射系数） | | _exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min _exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max | | 1 or 2 (usually, depending upon apparent precision) | _exptl_crystal_size_max_exptl_crystal_size_mid _exptl_crystal_size_min | | | _refine_ls_R_factor_obs _refine_ls_R_factor_gt _refine_ls_R_factor_all _refine_ls_wR_factor_all _refine_ls_wR_factor_obs _refine_ls_wR_factor_gt _refine_ls_wR_factor_ref _diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents | | | _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_all _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_obs _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_gt _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref | | | _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_all _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_obs _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_gt _refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref | | | | Electron density extremes（电子密度极值） | | _refine_diff_density_max _refine_diff_density_min | Cell measurement temperature（晶胞测量温度） | | cell_measurement_temperature |
| Diffractometer | 衍射仪 | | The manufacturer and model name of the diffractometer should be reported in _diffrn_measurement_device_type. | 衍射仪的制造商和型号名称应在_diffrn_measurement_device_type中报告。 |
| Dihedral angles | 二面角 | | Discussion of dihedral angles involving groups that are not approximately planar is meaningless. One often occurring example is the calculation of a dihedral angle between a benzene ring (sensibly planar) and a cyclohexane ring (not planar). | 讨论涉及不是近似平面的基团的二面角是没有意义的。一个经常出现的例子是计算苯环（合理平面）和环己烷环（非平面）之间的二面角。 |
| Dihedral angles between groups that are in completely different parts of a molecule are often pointless; such information should not be used to extend discussions with little content. | 分子中完全不同部分的基团之间的二面角往往毫无意义；这些信息不应被用来扩展内容很少的讨论。 |
| Disorder | 无序 | | If the structure is disordered, then details, including site occupancy factors (with standard uncertainties if they are refined and explanation of the values chosen if not) and restraints or constraints used, should be reported in the Refinementsection. | 如果结构无序，则应在精修部分报告详细信息，包括位置占有因子（如果进行了精修，则包括标准不确定度，如果没有进行精修，则对所选值进行解释）和使用的限制或约束。 |
| In any relevant Figure, the caption should indicate whether all disordered components are shown or, for example, only the major component. | 在任何相关的图中，标题应表明是否显示了所有无序的成分，例如，仅显示了主要成分。 |
| Experimental section | 实验部分 | | This normally consists of two sections. The first section, normally called Synthesis and crystallization, concerns synthesis and sample preparation (see Compound synthesis), and the second concerns structure solution and refinement (see Refinement). Experimental details do not usually belong in the Abstract or Results and discussion sections. | 这通常包括两个部分。第一部分，通常称为合成和结晶，涉及合成和样品制备（见化合物合成），第二部分涉及结构解析和精修（参阅精修）。实验细节通常不属于摘要或结果和讨论部分。 |
| Extinction coefficients | 消光系数 | | Extinction coefficients with values <3sigma from zero are insignificant and should not be given or used in the refinement. | 0至<3sigma的消光系数值无关紧要，不应在精修中给出或使用。 |
| Extra tables (non-standard) | 额外表格（非标准） | Information on adding extra non-standard tables to a CIF can be found at the online help page 'Extra tables in CIF'. | |
| Geometry tables | 几何参数表 | | see Atom and geometry tables | 参阅原子和几何参数表 |
| Graphics | 图形 | | Check the scheme (chemical formula diagram) for agreement with the overall formula. All entities in the structure should be present, including counter-ions and solvent in the appropriate stoichiometric ratio. The correct stereochemistry must be included and be consistent with the structure model. | 检查方案（化学式图）是否与总体化学式一致。结构中的所有实体都应该存在，包括适当化学计量比的反离子和溶剂。必须包括正确的立体化学，并与结构模型一致。 |
| Avoid unnecessary detail, e.g. use PPh3 instead of fully drawn phenyl groups for a triphenylphosphane ligand. | 避免不必要的细节，例如使用PPh3代替完整绘制的苯基作为三苯基膦配体。 |
| Charges should be given where appropriate. Check also for correct bonding representations, especially in delocalized groups. | 适当情况下应给出电荷。还要检查正确的键合表示，尤其是在离域基团中。 |
| For organic and metal-organic papers, Fig. 1 is usually a view of the molecular structure. Sufficient atom labels (with no parentheses and with H atoms not labelled) should be included on the diagram to allow all atoms mentioned in the text to be identified. The labels should be consistent throughout the article. If H atoms have been omitted, this should be stated. It helps if the orientation is not completely different from that of the scheme. | 对于有机和金属有机论文，图1通常是分子结构视图。图表上应包括足够的原子标签（无括号，氢原子不显示标签），以识别文本中提到的所有原子。整个文章的标签应该一致。如果省略了氢原子，则应说明这一点。如果方向与方案的方向没有完全不同，则会有所帮助。 |
| The Figure will usually contain more than one molecule if Z’>1 in the asymmetric unit. | 如果不对称单元中的Z'>1，则该图通常包含多个分子。 |
| For molecules with crystallographic symmetry, the whole molecule should normally be shown, but it is not usually necessary to label more than a few symmetry-related atoms; the caption should give the symmetry operation relating them to the corresponding labelled atoms or refer to a Table for this. | 对于具有晶体学对称性的分子，通常应该显示整个分子，但通常不需要标记多个与对称性相关的原子；标题应该给出将它们与相应的标记原子相关的对称运算，或者为此制作参考表。 |
| The caption should also state if any or all H atoms, or any other parts of the structure (e.g. disorder components) have been omitted. | 标题还应说明是否省略了任何或所有氢原子或结构的任何其他部分（如无序组分）。 |
| Unless there are very good reasons, this Figure should show displacement ellipsoids, for which the probability level (%) should be stated in the caption. Atom labels and any other text should not intersect any atoms or bonds, and should be large enough to be clearly legible. | 除非有充分的理由，否则该图应显示位移椭球体，其概率水平（%）应在标题中说明。原子标签和任何其他文本都不应该与任何原子或键相交，并且应该足够大，以便清晰易读。 |
| For packing diagrams, the caption should state the view direction or orientation and the unit cell outline should be shown, with the origin and axes labeled, or the axes directions drawn at the side of the diagram. The caption should state what any dashed/dotted lines indicate (most commonly for hydrogen bonds); this applies for all Figures. Packing diagrams and other Figures that are not discussed in any detail should be removed; “Fig. 2 shows a packing diagram” is not a significant discussion. | 对于堆积图，标题应说明视图方向或取向，并显示晶胞轮廓，标记原点和轴，或在图的侧面绘制轴方向。标题应说明任何虚线/点线所表示的内容（最常见的是氢键）；这适用于所有图形。应删除未详细讨论的堆积图和其他图；“图2显示了堆积图”并不是一个重要的讨论。 |
| Stereoviews rarely give any advantage over a well produced single view of comparable overall size. If one is used, any labels should appear, correctly positioned, in both views, not just in one. | 与整体尺寸相当的制作精良的单一视图相比，立体视图很少有任何优势。如果使用其中一个，则任何标签都应显示在两个视图中，且位置正确，而不仅仅是在一个视图中。 |
| Figures should be numbered, and referred to sequentially in the text sections. There should be a caption for each Figure. | 图应编号，并在文本部分按顺序引用。每个图都应该有一个标题。 |
| hkl ranges | hkl范围 | | see Index ranges | 参阅指数范围 |
| Hydrogen bonding | 氢键 | | Numeric details should be presented in a Table, with the Results and discussion (or similar) section used to describe the overall features and networks formed, such as chains, sheets or graph-set motifs. | 数字细节应在表格中列出，结果和讨论（或类似）部分用于描述整体特征和形成的网络，如链、折叠或图形集片段。 |
| Extensive numerical details in the text instead of a Table are undesirable, and repeating significant amounts of the contents of a Table in the text should also be avoided. The same applies to molecular geometry (bond lengths, bond angles and torsion angles). | 不希望在文本中使用大量的数字细节而不是表格，也应避免在文本中重复大量的表格内容。这同样适用于分子几何参数（键长、键角和扭转角）。 |
| Hydrogen-atom treatment | 氢原子处理 | | If the refinement of H atoms has involved constraints or restraints, then numerical details should be reported in the Refinement section. It is not sufficient to reference software defaults since not all readers use the same software. | 如果氢原子的精修涉及约束或限制，则应在精修部分报告数值细节。仅仅参考软件默认值是不够的，因为并非所有读者都使用相同的软件。 |
| For the commonly used procedure of riding H atoms, the assumed distances and information about the treatment of U values should be given. | 对于常用的骑式氢原子的过程，应该给出假设的距离和关于U值处理的信息。 |
| For freely refined H atoms, the range of distances obtained should be stated (with standard uncertainties). | 对于自由精修的氢原子，应说明所获得的距离范围（具有标准不确定度）。 |
| Very often _refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment mixed should be replaced by _refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment constr | 非常经常 _refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment mixed 应被替换为 _refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment constr | | In many cases, this results from a default of the refinement program. | 在许多情况下，这是由于优化程序的默认值造成的。 |
| Independent reflections | 独立衍射点 | | If the number of independent reflections is different from the number used in the refinement, then this should be clarified by the author and the reason stated in the text. | 如果独立衍射点的数量与精修中使用的数量不同，则作者应澄清这一点，并在文本中说明原因。 |
| Index ranges | 指数范围 | | For area-detector diffractometers the full measured ranges of h, k, l should be reported, not just the unique data set after merging of equivalents. There should be no published entries concerning standard reflections. | 对于面探测器衍射仪，应报告h、k、l的完整测量范围，而不仅仅是合并等效点后的唯一数据集。不应发表任何关于标准衍射点的条目。 |
| If _diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents is > 0.10 and markedly higher than the final R factor, some comment should preferably be included in the Refinement section. | 如果_diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents大于0.10且明显高于最终R因子，则最好在精修部分包含一些注释。 |
| Intensity decay | 强度衰减 | | If this is reported as negative, it should be checked. Negative decay means the standard reflection intensities have increased, which is unusual. | 如果此报告值为负，则应进行检查。负衰减意味着标准衍射点强度增加，这是不寻常的。 |
| Introduction section | 引言部分 | | The chemical context should be outlined in an introductory paragraph that provides the background of the study and the scientific rationale for conducting the work. The origins of any compound(s) reported and their relationship to earlier research should be mentioned along with any relevant citations to related literature. | 应在介绍性段落中概述化学背景，提供研究背景和开展工作的科学依据。应提及报告的任何化合物的起源及其与早期研究的关系，以及对相关文献的任何相关引用。 |
| Keywords | 关键词 | | At least five preferred keywords describing the areas covered by the paper should be included. In a CIF, these will come under the data name _publ_section_keywords. Examples might include “crystal structure”, “pharmaceuticals”, “metal-organic frameworks”, “coordination polymers”, “water clusters”, “powder diffraction” etc. | 至少应包括五个描述论文所涵盖领域的首选关键词。在CIF中，这些将位于数据名称_publ_section_keywords下。例子可能包括“晶体结构”、“药物”、“金属有机框架”、“配位聚合物”、“水团簇”、“粉末衍射”等。 |
| Nomenclature | 术语 | | In the Abstract and Results and discussion sections, the compound should be fully identified, including solvent and counter-ions. If the title includes the compound name, it should also be complete. | 在摘要、结果和讨论部分，应充分鉴定化合物，包括溶剂和反离子。如果标题中包含化合物名称，则也应完整。 |
| Chemical compounds should where possible be given their full name according to IUPAC rules. Although this is checked by the editorial staff, and created for the author if necessary, correct naming of a compound is the author's responsibility. | 化合物应尽可能按照IUPAC规则提供其全名。尽管这是由编辑人员检查的，并在必要时为作者创建，但正确命名化合物是作者的责任。 |
| All components, in the correct proportions, should also be shown in the chemical scheme (not required for inorganic network compounds). | 所有正确比例的组分也应显示在化学方案中（无机网络化合物不需要）。 |
| The scheme should show charges for ionic compounds. | 对于离子化合物，方案应显示电荷。 |
| The word “phenyl” should be used only for the unsubstituted phenyl ring, C6H5; otherwise use “benzene” to refer to substituted rings. | “苯基”一词应仅用于未取代的苯环C6H5；否则使用“苯”指代取代的环。 |
| Correct bracket notation for planes (), directions [] and forms {} should be used. | 平面()、方向[]和形式{}应使用正确的括号表示法。 |
| Unusual abbreviations should be explained in full when first used. Authors will be asked to supply definitions of any nomenclature or usage which is not common in scientific journals. | 首次使用时，应完整解释不寻常的缩写。作者将被要求提供科学期刊中不常见的任何命名法或用法的定义。 |
| The word “moiety” is frequently misused. It means “half” or “one of two approximately equal parts” and should not be used to refer to relatively small groups of atoms. | “部分”一词经常被误用。它的意思是“一半”或“两个近似相等部分中的一个”，不应用于指相对较小的原子组。 |
| | 一个非常有用的化学术语网站是所谓的IUPAC**，网址为http://goldbook.iupac.org/。 |
| References | 参考文献 | | In the Abstract (_publ_section_abstract), if, for example, there is a reference to an earlier publication of the structure then the full reference should be cited, e.g. Smith, Jones & Anderson [Chem. Commun. (1967), pp. 408—409]. | 在摘要（_publ_section_abstract）中，例如，如果引用了该结构的早期出版物，则应引用完整的参考文献，例如Smith, Jones & Anderson [Chem. Commun. (1967), pp. 408—409。 |
| In the text sections of the paper, for two authors, the format is, for example, (Smith & Jones, 1988) for more than two authors, the format is, for example, (Allen et al., 1987), with no comma after the first author name. | 在论文的正文部分，对于两位作者，格式为，例如(Smith & Jones, 1988)，对于两位以上的作者，格式是，例如(Allen et al., 1987)，第一作者姓名后没有逗号。 |
| In _publ_section_references the ordering of references should be : | 在_publ_section_references中，参考文献的顺序应为： |
| (1) First, alphabetically by surname of first author, then second author, etc. | （1）首先，按第一作者的姓氏、第二作者的姓氏等字母顺序排列。 |
| (2) Second, numerically by year for the same set of authors. | （2）第二，按年份对同一组作者进行统计。 |
| For identical lists of authors and the same year, the a, b, etc. notation is used. | 对于相同的作者列表和同一年份，使用a、b等符号。 |
| Lehmler, H. J., Robertson, L. W. & Parkin, S. (2005). Acta Cryst. E61, o3025—o3026. Lehmler, H. J., Robertson, L. W., Parkin, S. & Brock, C. P. (2002). Acta Cryst. E61, o123—o124. Drew, M. G., Hall, R. S. & Long, F. I. (2004a). Organometallics, 23, 456—459. Drew, M. G., Hall, R. S. & Long, F. I. (2004b). J. Med. Chem. 47, 579—586. |
| Consider the following two references: | 考虑以下两个参考文献： |
| Smith, A. B., Jones, C. D., Wolf, E. F., Baird, M. N. & Hunt, G. H. (1994). Organometallics, 13, 123—128. Smith, A. B., Jones, C. D., Lyle, R. S., Hunt, G. H. & Baird, M. N. (1994). Chem. Rev. 94, 345—380. |
| In the text of the paper, these should be distinguished as follows: | 在论文正文中，这些内容应区分如下： | | | | Smith, Jones, Wolf et al. (1994) and Smith, Jones, Lyle et al. (1994). |
| Each reference is separated from the next by a blank line. | 每个参考文献与下一个参考文献之间用一行空行隔开。 |
| Page numbers should be inclusive (first–last). | 页码应包括在内（首页–尾页）。 |
Check consistency with references in the body of paper (same authors, same years, no references missing or extra in list). If there are problems, you will be asked to supply missing/corrected items, or a complete new reference list if several changes are needed. The program publCIF (available from http://publcif.iucr.org) will check whether references in the reference list are cited in the text and vice versa. It can also be used to order the reference list correctly. A list of standard and commonly used references is included in publCIF under the “tools” menu. | 检查与论文正文中参考文献的一致性（相同作者，相同年份，列表中没有遗漏或额外的参考文献）。如果有问题，您将被要求提供缺失/更正的项目，或者如果需要进行几项更改，则提供一份完整的新参考文献列表。程序publCIF（可从http://publcif.iucr.org获取）将检查参考文献列表中的参考文献是否在文本中被引用，反之亦然。它还可以用于正确排序参考文献列表。标准和常用参考文献的列表包含在publCIF的“工具”菜单下。 |
| For software references, addresses should be city and country, but not full address. | 对于软件的参考文献，地址应该是城市和国家，但不是完整地址。 |
| Refinement section | 精修部分 | | These should be recorded under a suitable heading, e.g. refinement, and usually form part of the Experimental section. | 这些应记录在适当的标题下，例如精修，通常构成实验部分的一部分。 |
| Routine structure solution and refinement procedures are not needed and should be omitted; only include details of non-routine procedures or properties of the structure. | 不需要常规的结构解析和精修程序，应予以省略；仅包括非常规程序或结构特性的细节。 |
| Comment should be provided here on the treatment of disorder and on non-standard data collection or refinement, etc., including use of constraints and restraints. This is particularly useful if there are checkCIF alerts to be explained. | 此处应提供关于无序处理和非标准数据收集或精修等方面的注释，包括约束和限制的使用。如果要解释checkCIF警报，这一点尤其有用。 |
| Details of twinning or the use of SQUEEZE should be included here – see SQUEEZE and Twinning. | 此处应包括孪晶或SQUEEZE使用的详细信息——请参阅SQUEEZE和孪晶。 |
| If the number of independent reflections is different from the number used in the refinement, then you will be asked to clarify this. | 如果独立衍射点的数量与精修中使用的数量不同，则会要求您对此进行澄清。 |
| Refinement instruction files | 精修指令文件 | | A refinement instruction file should be included for each data block in the CIF using the data name _iucr_refine_instructions_details. If the refinement was carried out using SHELXL-2013 or later, then the refinement instructions will be present in the CIF under the data name _shelx_res_file and should be left as such along with its checksum. Also, do not remove any reflection data appended to the CIF, e.g. _shelx_hkl_file and its associated checksum. | 应使用数据名称_iucr_refine_instructions_details为CIF中的每个数据块包含精修指令文件。如果使用SHELXL-2013或更高版本进行精修，则精修指令将显示在CIF中的数据名称_shelx_res_file下，并应与其校验和一起保留。此外，不要删除附加到CIF的任何衍射点数据，例如_shelx_hkl_file及其相关的校验和。 |
The advantages of upgrading from SHELXL-97 to SHELXL-2014/7 or later versions are described here. | 这里介绍了从SHELXL-97升级到SHELXL-2014/7或更高版本的优势。 |
| Reflection observation threshold | 衍射点观测阈值 | | The reflection observation threshold is often given as 'I>2sigma(I)' instead of 'I>2\s(I)'. Note the need for I before > and correct use of the Greek symbol. | 衍射点观测阈值通常给定为'I>2sigma(I)'，而非'I>2\s(I)'。请注意在>之前需要I，并正确使用希腊符号。 |
| Residual electron density | 残余电子密度 | | If a validation alert of any level is present for _refine_diff_density_max or _refine_diff_density_min, then the location of the highest peak/deepest hole should be recorded in the Refinement section. | 如果存在_refine_diff_density_max或_refine_diff_density_min的任何级别的验证警报，则应将最高峰/最深洞的位置记录在精修部分中。 |
| Results and discussion section | 结果和讨论部分 | | The discussion may include a description of the science and the outcomes that were enabled by the study, and an **ysis of how the structural observations help the understanding of a chemical, physical or structural question being investigated. Interesting and novel aspects of the reported structures can be described; this might include a description of the coordination geometry, the connectivity within an extended structure, the supramolecular or intermolecular architecture of a structure, details of any unusual features, such as disorder and etc. A detailed comparison with any closely related published results is encouraged. The discussion of the structure(s) should enhance the observations with a deeper **ysis. For example, a description of the dimensionality and motifs present in a hydrogen-bonding network is more informative than just stating that hydrogen bonding exists. A report that mostly describes just the metrics of a crystal structure determination without discussing the **ysis in a broader scientific context may be more suitable for publication in Acta Crystallographica Section E. | 讨论可能包括对科学和研究成果的描述，以及对结构观测如何帮助理解所研究的化学、物理或结构问题的分析。可以描述所报道的结构的有趣和新颖的方面；这可能包括配位几何结构的描述、扩展结构内的连接性、结构的超分子或分子间构造、任何异常特征的细节，如无序等。鼓励与任何密切相关的已发表结果进行详细比较。对结构的讨论应通过更深入的分析来加强观察。例如，对氢键网络中存在的维度和基序的描述比仅仅说明氢键的存在更具信息性。一份主要描述晶体结构测定指标而不在更广泛的科学背景下讨论分析的报告可能更适合发表在《晶体学报》E节。 |
| Scheme | 方案 | | see Graphics | 参阅图形 |
| Software references | 软件参考文献 | | All software citations: | 所有软件引用： | | _computing_data_collection _computing_cell_refinement _computing_data_reduction _computing_structure_solution _computing_structure_refinement _computing_molecular_graphics _computing_publication_material _exptl_absorpt_process_details | | | are needed. For each program/package, there should be an entry in the reference list. Check for consistency of these, including the dates. | 均需要。对于每个程序/包，参考文献列表中都应该有一个条目。检查这些内容的一致性，包括日期。 |
| Some examples of very commonly used programs and their recommended standard references are: | 一些非常常用的程序及其推荐的标准参考文献如下： | | PLATON: Spek, A. L. (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155. SHELXL: Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112--122. publCIF: Westrip, S. P. (2010). J. Appl. Cryst. 43, 920-925. ORTEP-3 for Windows: Farrugia, L. J. (2012). J. Appl. Cryst. 45, 849--854. |
| References are required also for absorption, extinction and absolute structure procedures, if used. | 吸收、消光和绝对结构程序也需要参考文献（如果使用的话）。 |
| References are not needed for scattering factors from International Tables. | 国际表格中的散射系数不需要参考文献。 |
| Space-group symbols | 空间群符号 | | Use the correct CIF-defined format, not SHELX style, e.g. P2(1)/c should be ‘P 21/c’ and Fdd2 should be ‘F d d 2’. | 使用正确的CIF定义格式，而非SHELX样式，例如，P2(1)/c应为‘P 21/c’，Fdd2应为‘F d d 2’。 |
| SQUEEZE | SQUEEZE | | If the SQUEEZE routine has been used to handle disordered solvent (use with caution!) the contents of the .sqf file generated (if PLATON is used) should be included in the CIF. Details of the number and volume of voids per unit cell, estimated electron count per void and the estimated solvent content of the structure deduced therefrom should be included in the Refinement section. It is recommended that the reported formula, formula weight, F(000), density and linear absorption coefficient included the true estimated solvent content of the crystal. The correct value of the linear absorption coefficient is important if numerical or **ytical absorption corrections are applied. Such absorption corrections usually need to be repeated once the true content of the crystal has been established. | 如果SQUEEZE例程已用于处理无序溶剂（小心使用！），则生成的.sqf文件的内容（如果使用PLATON）应包含在CIF中。每个晶胞的孔隙数量和体积、每个孔隙的估计电子计数以及由此推导出的结构的估计溶剂含量的详细信息应包含在精修部分中。建议报告的化学式、式量、F(000)、密度和线性吸收系数包括晶体的真实估计溶剂含量。如果应用数值或分析吸收校正，则线性吸收系数的正确值是重要的。一旦确定了晶体的真实含量，通常需要重复这种吸收校正。 |
| Standard reflections | 标准衍射点 | | For area-detector data collections when decay is not monitored, the CIF can be filled out as follows to avoid validation alerts. | 对于未监测衰变的面探测器数据采集，可以按如下方式填写CIF，以避免验证警报。 |
| _diffrn_standards_number 0 _diffrn_standards_interval_count . _diffrn_standards_interval_time . _diffrn_standards_decay_% ? | |
| Standard uncertainties (denoted s.u.) | 标准不确定度（表示为s.u.） | | These are normally required for all interatomic distances (not just bond lengths), bond angles, torsion angles, deviations from mean planes, dihedral angles, ring puckering parameters, etc. | 这些通常是所有原子间距离（不仅仅是键长）、键角、扭转角、与平均平面的偏差、二面角、环褶皱参数等所必需的。 |
| Of course, these are not available if, for example, H-atom parameters have been constrained. | 当然，例如，如果氢原子参数受到约束，这些就不可用。 |
| In some other cases, they may also not be provided by software (especially some ring-puckering parameters), and they may not be available for numerical results quoted from other publications or database entries. | 在一些其他情况下，它们也可能不由软件提供（尤其是一些环形褶皱参数），并且它们可能不可用于从其他出版物或数据库条目引用的数值结果。 |
| They may be essentially meaningless for some averages, and for the sum of angles around an atom (because of ignored covariance terms). | 对于某些平均值和原子周围的角度总和（因为忽略了协方差项），它们可能基本上没有意义。 |
| Structural databases | 结构数据库 | | Identification of individual structures in the article by use of database reference (identification) codes should be accompanied by a full citation of the original literature in the reference list. Citations in supporting information should also appear in the main body of the article. | 使用数据库参考文献（识别）代码识别文章中的单个结构时，应在参考文献列表中完整引用原始文献。支持信息中的引文也应出现在文章的正文中。 |
| Databases need an appropriate reference, and the database version should be stated, e.g. Cambridge Structural Database, Version 5.24 (Allen, 2002). | 数据库需要适当的参考文献，并应说明数据库版本，例如，剑桥结构数据库5.24版（Allen，2002）。 |
| In the reference list, database entries can be included as: | 在参考文献列表中，数据库条目可包含为： | | Robertson, L. (2014). Private communication (refcode JIPFAQ). CCDC, Cambridge, England. |
| Symmetry | 对称性 | | If a molecule/ion has crystallographic symmetry then this should be described in both the Abstract or Results and discussion sections. Check for consistency in the chemical formula, value of Z, chemical scheme, and textual description. | 如果一个分子/离子具有晶体对称性，则应在摘要或结果和讨论部分进行描述。检查化学式、Z值、化学方案和文字描述的一致性。 |
| Often a symmetry code, e.g. (i), may appear in the text and in Tables and Figures. Each code should refer to only one symmetry operator; you may not be able to deal with this in Tables (it will be tidied up in the production of the proofs), because it is handled automatically by the typesetting software, but you should ensure that you use unique and consistent symmetry codes in Figures, their captions, and the text. | 通常，对称代码，例如（i），可能出现在文本、表格和图像中。每个代码应该只引用一个对称运算符；你可能无法在表格中处理这一问题（它将在校样的制作中被整理），因为它是由排版软件自动处理的，但你应该确保在图像、其标题和文本中使用唯一且一致的对称代码。 |
| Synopsis | 梗概 | | A _publ_section_synopsis section is required for all submissions. This should be one or two sentences that describe the main findings of the article. A suitable and interesting graphic should also be provided for inclusion in the Table of Contents. | 所有投稿都需要一个_publ_section_synopsis部分。这应该是描述文章主要发现的一两句话。还应提供一个合适且有趣的图形，以纳入目录。 |
| Synthesis and crystallization | 合成和结晶 | | see Compound synthesis | 参阅化合物合成 | | The descriptions of the preparation of samples should give sufficient information on the isolation or synthesis of the compound, crystal preparation (method, solvents and their ratios) and identification (e.g. melting points, optical rotation), to reproduce the experiment. Previously reported syntheses, isolation procedures or spectroscopic data need only be cited. | 样品制备的描述应提供关于化合物的分离或合成、晶体制备（方法、溶剂及其比例）和鉴定（如熔点、旋光度）的足够信息，以重现实验。先前报道的合成、分离程序或光谱数据只需引用即可。 |
| Text formatting | 文本格式 | | The length of lines in the CIF is unimportant, except they should be <80 characters. Be careful not to generate longer lines when editing. Avoid hyphenation of words across line breaks. | CIF中的行长度不重要，除了它们应该小于80个字符。编辑时请注意不要生成较长的行。避免单词在换行处使用连字符。 |
| Spaces are needed after punctuation (period, comma, semi-colon and colon) and before \%A, but no spaces before punctuation, after ([ and before )], and before \%. | 标点符号（句点、逗号、分号和冒号）之后和\%A之前需要空格，但标点符号之前、([之后、)]之前和\%之前不需要空格。 |
| Paragraph breaks in text sections are created by inserting blank lines. | 文本部分中的段落分隔符通过插入空行创建。 |
| Entries in the reference list should be separated by blank lines. | 参考文献列表中的条目应用空行分隔。 |
| Ensure that there are no comment lines beginning with # inside semi-colon delimited text blocks; they are treated as normal text ! | 确保在分号分隔的文本块内没有以#开头的注释行；它们被视为普通文本！ |
| Common errors include the following: | 常见错误包括以下内容： | | / instead of \ when defining special characters A instead of \%A for the Angstrom symbol ^o^ instead of \% for the degrees symbol Greek letters spelt out instead of coded, e.g. sigma for \s, eta for \h Chemical formulae in text blocks without subscripts | 定义特殊字符时用/而非\ 用A而非\%A表示埃符号 用^o^而非\%表示度符号 希腊字母拼写而非编码，例如sigma表示\s，eta表示\h 文本块中化学式没有下标 |
| Spelling of the English language should be either all British or all American. A common error is to use “colorless” in the text and “colourless” in Crystal data, or vice versa. Other words to watch out for include: neighbouring/neighboring, **ogue/**og, labelling/labeling, centre/center. | 英语的拼写应该是全英或全美。一个常见的错误是在文本中使用“colorless”，在晶体数据中使用“colourless”，反之亦然。其他需要注意的词包括：neighbouring/neighboring、**ogue/**og、labelling/labeling、centre/center。 |
| Title | 题目 | | The title should usually be an interesting short description of the content of the paper. Descriptive text (e.g. redetermination of; a neutron study; at high pressure; a strained polycyclic molecule; the first example of) is welcomed. The title could also include the compound name(s) and some informative brief text referring to the nature of the compound. Long systematic names are undesirable and can be added to the Abstract. | 题目通常应该是对论文内容的有趣的简短描述。欢迎描述性文本（例如重新确定；中子研究；高压下；应变多环分子；首例）。标题还可以包括化合物名称和一些参考化合物性质的信息性简短文本。长系统名称是不可取的，可以添加到摘要中。 |
| “Crystal structure of” and similar phrases are unnecessary. The word “novel” is overused and rarely justified. | “Crystal structure of”及类似短语是不必要的。“novel”一词被过度使用，而且很少有正当理由。 |
| Avoid titles consisting only of a chemical formula. | 避免题目仅含化学式。 |
| The first letter of the title should be capital (except for prefixes like ortho-, trans- or DL-); no capital letters are used for the start of other words. | 题目的第一个字母应大写（除了像rtho-, trans- or DL-这样的前缀）；其他单词的开头不使用大写字母。 |
| Transmission factors | 透射因子 | | see Absorption corrections | 参阅吸收校正 |
| Troubleshooting | 故障排除 | If you encounter problems with CIF validation or CIF syntax errors that cannot be solved, don't hesitate to contact the Managing Editor of Section C (contact us) for assistance. | 如果您遇到无法解决的CIF验证问题或CIF语法错误，请随时联系C节的总编辑（联系我们）寻求帮助。 |
| Twinning | 孪晶 | | Details of the handling of any twinning, including the type of twinning, the transformation matrix relating the twin components, the integration procedure (were reflections belonging to all or only one of the lattice orientations integrated) and the major twin component fraction should be reported in the Refinement section. The numbers of non-overlapping reflections from each twin component and the number of overlapping reflections should be given. | 任何孪晶的处理细节，包括孪晶类型、与孪晶组分相关的变换矩阵、积分程序（属于所有或仅一个积分晶格取向的衍射点）和主要孪晶组分占比，应在精修部分中报告。应给出每个孪晶组分的非重叠衍射点数量和重叠衍射点数量。 |
| Unit-cell parameters: precision | 晶胞参数：精度 | | If any cell parameters are reported with a final zero digit and an s.u. of (10) this should be checked; more often than not, it is a spurious addition by the refinement program! In such cases the s.u. is (1) and the trailing zero on the parameter should be deleted (for example, the COLLECT software on a KappaCCD was known for this). | 如果任何晶胞参数报告为最终零位，且标准不确定度为(10)，则应对此进行检查；通常情况下，它是精修程序的虚假添加！在这种情况下，标准不确定度是(1)，并且应该删除参数上的尾随零（例如，KappaCCD上的COLLECT软件就是此种情况）。 |
| It is recognized that diffractometer software packages currently produce unit cell parameters with far greater precision than is realistic. However, it is recommended that authors do not apply some random factor to bring the precision to more realistic levels (at least without stating the fact in the Refinement section), because a reader cannot tell if the precision has been adjusted post-integration or if it is the true diffractometer result and a sign that the crystal quality is very poor. | 人们认识到，衍射仪软件包目前产生的晶胞参数的精度远远高于实际情况。然而，建议作者不要应用一些随机因素来将精度提高到更真实的水平（至少在没有在精修部分说明事实的情况下），因为读者无法判断精度是否在积分后进行了调整，或者这是真实的衍射仪结果，还是晶体质量非常差的迹象。 |
| Validation Response Form (VRF) | 验证响应表（VRF） | | In some cases, a validation response form (VRF) will be supplied by checkCIF. If the related validation issue cannot be resolved, this form should be completed and included in the CIF, preferably with the addition of appropriate explanatory text in the published experimental section of the article. A completed VRF will look something like: | 在某些情况下，将通过checkCIF提供验证响应表（VRF）。如果相关的验证问题无法解决，则应填写此表格并将其包含在CIF中，最好在文章的已发表实验部分添加适当的解释性文本。一个完整的VRF如下： |
#start Validation Reply Form _vrf_CHEMW03_6 ; PROBLEM:The ratio of given/expected molecular weight as calculated from the _atom_site*data lies outside... RESPONSE:SQUEEZE used to remove disordered diethyl ether solvent molecule, but thereported formula includes the solvent. See _refine_special_details. ; #end Validation Reply Form | Weighting scheme | 权重方案 | | An actual formula should be provided instead of expressions such as ‘based on sigmas’ or ‘counting statistics’. | 应该提供一个实际的表达式，而不是诸如“based on sigmas”或“counting statistics”之类的表达式。 |
| Remove meaningless terms such as +0.0000P and trailing zeros on all numbers. | 删除无意义的项，如+0.0000P和所有数字的尾随零。 |
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发表于 2025-3-16 07:34:14
